Environmental Impacts of Industrial Liquid Discharges from the Food Alcohol Production Plant on the Waters of the Klou River of Logozohè in Benin
Akotegnon Calixte Koffi,
Gbaguidi Acakpo Nonvignon Magloire,
Dovonon Léonce Firmin Comlan,
Hounaho Grâce-Félix,
Zannou Aimé,
Kpognon Elias,
Adanho Hermione,
Amoussou-Chouh Olivia,
Moussoro Samson
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2018
Pages:
156-168
Received:
31 August 2018
Accepted:
14 September 2018
Published:
15 November 2018
Abstract: This study aims the evaluation of environmental impacts of dusty fluid on the production of nutriment alcohol at Logozohè through a physico-chemical settings of its components and an assessment of it impact on river Klou which is the fallen point. Then, twenty-two (22) skills were measured through the normative methods on eight (08) areas along the Klou river from the upstream to the downstream around the production land in 2017; August 25th to 28th.. Data were submitted to descriptive and statistical analysis and a Main Components Analysis made with Minitab 14. Results reveal that the pH, turbidity, suspended matter (SS) and COD of the principal effluent and Klou river do not meet drinking and wastewater water quality standard for Republic of Benin. But nitrogen pollution is low and it’s reduced to kjeldahl nitrogen (NTK). Organic pollution is very important and not biodegradable. This leads to suspicion of the use of synthetic organic solvents in the processes of the production unit. Conclusion: This massive organic pollution of the receiving environment on which local residents depend challenges more than one of the environmental impact of the food alcohol production plant on the future of the Klou river.
Abstract: This study aims the evaluation of environmental impacts of dusty fluid on the production of nutriment alcohol at Logozohè through a physico-chemical settings of its components and an assessment of it impact on river Klou which is the fallen point. Then, twenty-two (22) skills were measured through the normative methods on eight (08) areas along t...
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Quantitative Characterization of Activated Carbon from Cow, Donkey, Chicken and Horse Bones from Ezzangbo in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Nworu Jerome Sunday,
Ngele Sylvester Okechukwu,
Nwabueze Elom,
Okhifo Anthony,
Peretomode Tekena Michael
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2018
Pages:
169-174
Received:
10 October 2018
Accepted:
24 October 2018
Published:
19 November 2018
Abstract: Animal bones have been used to produce carbon char for quality assessment of activated carbon over non activated carbon (used as sample control) as influenced by method of activations (acid and heat). In this study samples analyzed were carbonized in a closed crucible at 400°C and ground into powder after cooling. 200g of each of the crushed samples was activated using 250ml of 2 M Hydrochloric acid for one hour at 80°C and another 200g was activated by thermal method at 120°C for 3 hours. To obtain the optimum weight lost of the carbons, the carbonization period was varied from 0.5-3hours. From the result, increase in carbonization time caused an appreciable increase in the percentage weight loss, this reached a maximum value at a carbonization time of 2.5 hours for both carbon samples at a corresponding percentage weight lost of 63%, 58%, 54% and 62% for cow, donkey, chicken and horse bones respectively. The percentage of carbon yield of cow, donkey, chicken and horse bones upon acid activation are in increasing order of cow (48.92%) > horse (48.64%) > donkey (46.34%) > chicken (44.80%) bones and horse (37.03%) > cow (36.21) > donkey (34.96%) > chicken (30.18%) upon heat activation. Among the bone samples, chicken bone has the least ash content of 12.84%, 11.05% and 15.84% for acid, heat and non-activated samples respectively. The difference in bulk densities of acid activated and heat activated carbons are infinitesimal. The order of increasing bulk densities is cow (0.80g/m3) > donkey (0.78g/m3) = horse (0.78g/m3) > chicken (0.49g/m3). The heat activated carbons shows higher percentage of hardness than the acid activated and non-activated carbons. This study indicated that activated carbons from Cow, Donkey, Chicken and Horse are effective as adsorbents with those obtained from chicken having better features of adsorbents.
Abstract: Animal bones have been used to produce carbon char for quality assessment of activated carbon over non activated carbon (used as sample control) as influenced by method of activations (acid and heat). In this study samples analyzed were carbonized in a closed crucible at 400°C and ground into powder after cooling. 200g of each of the crushed sample...
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The Aromatization of Propene Via Nano-Size HZSM-5
Wayne Seames,
Swapnil Fegade,
Inna Sakodynskaya,
Darrin Muggli,
Brian Tande,
Alena Kubátová,
Evguenii Kozliak
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 5, October 2018
Pages:
175-188
Received:
17 October 2018
Accepted:
1 November 2018
Published:
28 November 2018
Abstract: Zeolite (ZSM) catalysts are known to convert small-size alkenes, e.g., propene, into aromatic hydrocarbons, specifically benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX), with both high efficiency and specificity. The efficiency of conventional and hierarchical nano-size ZSM-5 for propene aromatization was compared in this study using a Design of Experiments (DOE) approach combined with detailed product analysis. Contrary to our expectations, the former showed a significantly greater BTX yield than the latter. Analysis of the obtained data by DOE and additional experiments with soybean oil cracking using both catalyst types indicated that a reason for the observed reduced activity of nano-scale zeolites may be tenacious water adsorption, which may reduce the catalyst active site availability to the substrate.
Abstract: Zeolite (ZSM) catalysts are known to convert small-size alkenes, e.g., propene, into aromatic hydrocarbons, specifically benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX), with both high efficiency and specificity. The efficiency of conventional and hierarchical nano-size ZSM-5 for propene aromatization was compared in this study using a Design of Experiments (DO...
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